Length: Axons are quite lengthy (several meters) 0. Figures 1D and 1E illustrate typical images of reconstructed CA1 axon, dendrite, and soma mitochondria. Dendrites are the small branched extensions of nerve cells that transport nerve impulses from synapses to the cell body. In later chapters, we make use of these structures and their dynamics to construct model neuronal networks. Axon : Dendrite : Definition : The term axon refers to the long, thread-like component of a nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the cell body. In this chapter, we consider idealised mathematical models of these processes and methods for their analysis, which now include a spatial aspect. Axon : Dendrite : Definition : The term axon refers to the long, thread-like component of a nerve cell that transports nerve impulses away from the cell body. Green circles indicate ‘required’, red circles indicate ‘not required’, and gray circle indicates ‘unknown’. A table summarizes the conserved and differential mechanisms between MB axon pruning and ddaC dendrite pruning. These structures allow neurons to communicate in different ways, and to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Ecdysone signaling and its regulators govern axon and dendrite pruning in Drosophila. Axons and dendrites make contact with each other at axo-dendritic synapses, and dendro-dendritic synapses are also possible. (cf) Higher magnification images of a dendrite segment (cd) and an axon segment (ef) from the cortical pyramidal neuron shown in a and b. The cell body or soma, contains the nucleus and cytoplasm, the axon extends from the soma and ultimately branches before ending at nerve terminals, and dendrites are branched structures connected to the soma that receive signals from other neurons. Dendrites and axons exhibit important differences in their anatomical, functional and structural properties. However, the classical notion of a neuron is of a specialised cell with a body, an axon, and dendrites. Before describing the variations in the functional contribution of axons and dendrites in different neuronal types, it is important to remind what is meant when we define a given compartment as an axon or a dendrite. Multipolar neurons have many processes that extend from the cell body. One axon extends centrally toward the spinal cord, the other axon extends toward the skin or muscle. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 considered single neuron models that idealised the nerve cell as a point or patch of cell membrane in which voltage is the same everywhere. Actually, these cells have 2 axons rather than an axon and dendrite.
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